Red Wolf Associates personnel model water hammer transients as a result of non-condensables and steam voids in discharge piping. Evaluation of pipe support loads, pipe internal pressure, and relief valve lift potential in ECCS discharge piping due to voids is typically performed.

Pressure transients for long and complex piping configurations such as fire protection systems can be evaluated. A typical analysis for these systems evaluates column-closure transients due to failure of keep-fill pumps or tanks. Failure of the keep-fill system allows steam voids to form in tall risers which collapse when the pumps are started. In these cases large portions of the system are typically modeled to properly account for the interactions or superposition of pressure waves reflecting through the system.